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Axial Tube Crush Tests
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Last updated 03/11/2004
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3" Fiberglass Tube From Hawk Mountain
| Specimen # |
ID" |
OD" |
Length" |
L/D Ratio |
Peak Load (lbf) |
Peak Stress (psi) |
Load at Yield (lbf) |
Stress at Yield (psi) |
Notes |
| 3 |
3.005 |
3.128 |
7.4365 |
2.377 |
7935.708 |
13,449.985 |
7,935.708 |
13,449.985 |
8.5 deg angle |
| 2 |
3.006 |
3.128 |
7.4275 |
2.375 |
9438.735 |
16,056.436 |
9,438.735 |
16,056.436 |
|
| 1 |
3.004 |
3.126 |
7.4430 |
2.381 |
9407.019 |
16,147.896 |
9,407.019 |
16,147.896 |
|
| Mean |
3.005 |
3.127 |
7.4357 |
2.378 |
|
|
|
|
Pic of all samples |
| Std. Dev |
0.001 |
0.002 |
0.0078 |
0.0015 |
|
|
|
|
Test machine |
This was a 24" fiberglass tube from Hawk Mountain. It was sectioned into 3 pieces using a water-cooled abrasive cutoff saw. The dimensions were uniform with a nominal wall of 0.0613". The tube was loaded at a rate of 1" per minute. |
|
3" PML Phenolic
| Specimen # |
ID" |
OD" |
Length" |
L/D Ratio |
Peak Load (lbf) |
Peak Stress (psi) |
Load at Yield (lbf) |
Stress at Yield (psi) |
Notes |
| 1 |
2.998 |
3.123 |
10.6686 |
3.416 |
3545.991 |
5900.856 |
3545.990 |
5581.549 |
|
| 2 |
2.998 |
3.123 |
6.0365 |
1.933 |
3037.427 |
5054.559 |
3037.427 |
4781.046 |
|
| Mean |
2.998 |
3.123 |
8.353 |
|
3291.709 |
5477.707 |
3291.709 |
5181.298 |
|
| Std. Dev |
0 |
0 |
3.275 |
|
359.609 |
598.423 |
359.609 |
566.041 |
After test |
5.5" LOC/Precision Tubing
| Specimen # |
ID" |
OD" |
Length" |
L/D Ratio |
Peak Load (lbf) |
Peak Stress (psi) |
Load at Yield (lbf) |
Stress at Yield (psi) |
Notes |
| 1 |
5.370 |
5.52 |
12 |
2.174 |
2246.959 |
1751.402 |
****** |
****** |
Glassed |
| 2 |
5.370 |
5.52 |
12 |
2.174 |
2290.050 |
1784.989 |
2008.750 |
1565.729 |
Glassed |
| 3 |
5.370 |
5.52 |
12 |
2.174 |
2205.591 |
1719.158 |
2205.591 |
1719.158 |
Glassed |
| 4 |
5.370 |
5.52 |
12 |
2.174 |
1312.738 |
1023.219 |
1312.738 |
1023.219 |
Un glassed |
| 5 |
5.370 |
5.52 |
12 |
2.174 |
1221.385 |
952.013 |
****** |
****** |
Un glassed |
| 6 |
5.370 |
5.52 |
12 |
2.174 |
|
1000.205 |
|
|
Un glassed |
USR 2.6"Glassine Tubing
| Specimen # |
ID" |
OD" |
Length" |
L/D Ratio |
Peak Load (lbf) |
Peak Stress (psi) |
Load at Yield (lbf) |
Stress at Yield (psi) |
Notes |
| 1 |
2.639 |
2.690 |
24.0 |
8.922 |
550.883 |
2580.795 |
465.045 |
2178.659 |
|
| 2 |
2.639 |
2.690 |
24.0 |
8.922 |
602.593 |
2823.046 |
486.074 |
2277.174 |
|
| 3 |
2.639 |
2.690 |
24.0 |
8.922 |
500.208 |
2343.389 |
369.899 |
1732.917 |
|
| 4 |
2.639 |
2.690 |
24.0 |
8.922 |
490.211 |
2296.554 |
490.211 |
2296.554 |
|
| Mean |
2.639 |
2.690 |
24.0 |
8.922 |
535.974 |
2510.946 |
452.807 |
2121.326 |
|
| Std. Dev |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
51.749 |
242.435 |
56.359 |
264.034 |
|
USR 2.25" Whitewall Tubing
| Specimen # |
ID" |
OD" |
Length" |
L/D Ratio |
Peak Load (lbf) |
Peak Stress (psi) |
Load at Yield (lbf) |
Stress at Yield (psi) |
Notes |
| 1 |
2.189 |
2.229 |
18.0 |
8.075 |
306.124 |
2205.576 |
299.919 |
2160.869 |
|
| 2 |
2.189 |
2.229 |
18.0 |
8.075 |
313.364 |
2257.734 |
299.229 |
2155.901 |
|
| 3 |
2.189 |
2.229 |
18.0 |
8.075 |
322.327 |
2322.311 |
306.124 |
2205.576 |
|
| Mean |
2.189 |
2.229 |
18.0 |
8.075 |
313.938 |
2261.874 |
301.758 |
2174.1155 |
Picture |
| Std. Dev |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8.116 |
58.478 |
3.797 |
27.359 |
|
USR 3" Whitewall Tubing
| Specimen # |
ID" |
OD" |
Length" |
L/D Ratio |
Peak Load (lbf) |
Peak Stress (psi) |
Load at Yield (lbf) |
Stress at Yield (psi) |
Notes |
| 1 |
3.001 |
3.160 |
23.875 |
7.555 |
928.019 |
1206.197 |
621.208 |
807.418 |
|
| 2 |
3.001 |
3.164 |
23.875 |
7.546 |
999.033 |
1265.812 |
925.606 |
1172.776 |
|
| 3 |
3.002 |
3.162 |
23.875 |
7.551 |
1055.914 |
1363.188 |
827.357 |
1068.121 |
|
| 4 |
3.003 |
3.167 |
23.875 |
7.539 |
1155.886 |
1454.440 |
791.161 |
995.509 |
|
| 5 |
3.004 |
3.161 |
23.875 |
7.553 |
1067.290 |
1403.975 |
793.229 |
1043.459 |
|
| 6 |
3.001 |
3.160 |
23.875 |
7.555 |
1074.874 |
1397.073 |
769.098 |
999.638 |
Picture |
| 7 |
3.005 |
3.166 |
23.875 |
7.541 |
1152.439 |
1476.883 |
928.364 |
1189.725 |
|
| 8 |
3.005 |
3.116 |
23.875 |
7.662 |
1078.322 |
1381.900 |
776.682 |
995.340 |
|
| 9 |
3.005 |
3.116 |
23.875 |
7.662 |
1187.946 |
1522.387 |
795.297 |
1019.197 |
|
| 10 |
3.005 |
3.116 |
23.875 |
7.662 |
1088.663 |
1395.154 |
916.298 |
1174.262 |
|
| Mean |
3.003 |
3.164 |
23.875 |
7.546 |
1078.839 |
1386.701 |
814.430 |
1046.5445 |
Picture |
| Std. Dev |
0.002 |
0.003 |
0 |
0.061 |
76.844 |
93.916 |
93.129 |
114.784 |
Picture |
Blueprint Tubes
| Specimen # |
ID" |
OD" |
Length" |
L/D Ratio |
Peak Load (lbf) |
Peak Stress (psi) |
Load at Yield (lbf) |
Stress at Yield (psi) |
Notes |
| 1 |
3.158 |
3.300 |
24.0 |
|
1283.436 |
1781.959 |
1283.436 |
- |
Unknown Blue Print Tube |
Shipping Tubes*
| Specimen # |
ID" |
OD" |
Length" |
Peak Load (lbf) |
Peak Stress (psi) |
Load at Yield (lbf) |
Stress at Yield (psi) |
Notes |
| 1 |
1.994 |
2.120 |
9.0 |
472.494 |
1160.569 |
- |
- |
Plain Ship Tube |
| 2 |
1.994 |
2.120 |
9.0 |
476.744 |
1171.010 |
- |
- |
Plain Ship Tube |
| 3 |
1.994 |
2.159 |
9.0 |
2865.135 |
5323.643 |
- |
- |
Plain Tube West Sys. Glassed |
| 4 |
1.994 |
2.159 |
9.0 |
2681.320 |
4982.101 |
- |
- |
Plain Tube West Sys. Glassed |
| 5 |
1.994 |
2.156 |
9.0 |
1801.274 |
3400.446 |
- |
- |
Plain Tube, Polyurethane Glassed |
| 6 |
1.994 |
2.156 |
9.0 |
1851.036 |
3505.593 |
- |
- |
Plain Tube, Polyurethane Glassed |
* The glassed tubes were two layers of 6 oz boat glass and vacuum bagged. The West Systems was the 105/206 and the polyester was Evercoat 105499 from Home Depot.
 
Note that (in both cases) the PML failure was at the spiral grove. You guys that fill in your spirals with glue my have an added benefit you didn't even realize you had.
The USR whitewall tubes broke much differently than the PML. These tubes fan folded and never actually broke. The stress oscillated as this happened. |
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